Umuyoboro W’umuyaga Amakuru: Ibisobanuro: Uru rupapuro rusubiramo uko ibintu bimeze muri iki gihe iterambere ryogusuzuma amakosa no kugenzura ubuzima bwibice bitatu byingenzi bigize urunigi rw’umuyaga wa turbine - ibyuma bikomatanya, agasanduku gare, na generator, kandi bikerekana muri make uko ubushakashatsi bugezweho n’ingenzi ibintu bigize ubu buryo. Ibintu nyamukuru biranga amakosa, imiterere yikosa hamwe ningorane zo gusuzuma mubice bitatu byingenzi bigize ibyuma bifata ibyuma, agasanduku gare na generator mubikoresho byamashanyarazi yumuyaga byavuzwe muri make, hamwe nuburyo bwo gusuzuma amakosa hamwe nuburyo bwo gukurikirana ubuzima, hanyuma amaherezo yicyerekezo cyiterambere cyiki gice.
0 Ijambo ry'ibanze
Bitewe n’uko isi ikenera ingufu zisukuye kandi zishobora kongera ingufu ndetse n’iterambere ryinshi mu ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda zikoresha ingufu z’umuyaga, ingufu z’umuyaga zashyizweho ku isi zikomeje kwiyongera. Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu ishyirahamwe ry’ingufu z’umuyaga ku isi (GWEC), guhera mu mpera za 2018, ingufu z’umuyaga zashyizweho ku isi zigeze kuri GW 597, muri zo Ubushinwa bukaba igihugu cya mbere gifite ingufu zirenga 200 GW, kigera kuri 216 GW , kubara ibirenga 36 byubushobozi bwashyizweho kwisi yose. %, ikomeje kugumana umwanya wacyo nk’umuyaga uyobora isi ku isi, kandi ni igihugu gifite ingufu z’umuyaga.
Kugeza ubu, ikintu cyingenzi kibangamira iterambere ryiza ry’inganda zikomoka ku muyaga ni uko ibikoresho by’ingufu z'umuyaga bisaba ikiguzi kinini kuri buri gice cy’ingufu zituruka ku bicanwa gakondo. Uwatsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri fiziki ndetse n'uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’ingufu muri Amerika, Zhu Diwen, yerekanye ko bikenewe kandi ko hakenewe ingwate nini y’ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu z'umuyaga zikoresha ingufu z'umuyaga, kandi amafaranga menshi yo kuyakoresha no kuyitaho ni ibibazo by'ingenzi bigomba gukemurwa muri uru rwego [1] . Ibikoresho by'ingufu z'umuyaga bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu turere twa kure cyangwa mu turere two hanze dushobora kugera ku bantu. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by'ingufu z'umuyaga bikomeje gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cy'iterambere rinini. Diameter yumuriro wumuyaga ukomeje kwiyongera, bigatuma kwiyongera kwintera kuva hasi kugera kuri nacelle hashyizweho ibikoresho byingenzi. Ibi byazanye ingorane zikomeye mu mikorere no gufata neza ibikoresho by’ingufu z'umuyaga kandi bizamura igiciro cyo gufata neza igice. Kubera itandukaniro riri hagati yimiterere rusange ya tekiniki hamwe nubuhinzi bwumuyaga bwibikoresho bikoresha ingufu zumuyaga mubihugu byateye imbere muburengerazuba, amafaranga yo gukoresha no gufata neza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi yumuyaga mubushinwa akomeje kubara igice kinini cyinjiza. Kuri turbine yumuyaga kumurongo ufite ubuzima bwimyaka 20, ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga Amafaranga yinjiza mumirima yumuyaga angana na 10% ~ 15%; kumirima yumuyaga wo hanze, igipimo kiri hejuru ya 20% ~ 25% [2]. Igikorwa kinini no gufata neza ingufu zumuyaga bigenwa ahanini nuburyo bwo gukora no gufata neza ibikoresho byingufu zumuyaga. Kugeza ubu, imirima myinshi yumuyaga ikoresha uburyo bwo kuyitaho buri gihe. Ibishobora kunanirwa ntibishobora kuvumburwa mugihe, kandi gufata neza ibikoresho bidahwitse nabyo bizongera imikorere no kubungabunga. igiciro. Byongeye kandi, ntibishoboka kumenya inkomoko yamakosa mugihe, kandi birashobora gukorwaho iperereza umwe umwe binyuze muburyo butandukanye, bizanazana ibikorwa byinshi no kubungabunga. Igisubizo kimwe kuri iki kibazo ni ugutezimbere uburyo bwo gukurikirana ubuzima bw’ubuzima (SHM) bwa turbine y’umuyaga kugira ngo hirindwe impanuka ziterwa no kongera igihe cy’umurimo wa turbine y’umuyaga, bityo bigabanye igiciro cy’ingufu zituruka ku mbaraga z’umuyaga. Kubwibyo, kubikorwa byinganda zumuyaga Nibyingenzi guteza imbere sisitemu ya SHM.
1. Imiterere ya sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho byumuyaga
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho byingufu zumuyaga, cyane cyane harimo: kugaburirwa kabiri ibyuka byumuyaga wa asinchronous (impinduka-yihuta ihindagurika-ikibuga cyumuyaga uhuha), imiyoboro-ihoraho-ya-rukuruzi ihoraho ya turbine yumuyaga, hamwe na turbine yumuyaga. Ugereranije na turbine yumuyaga itaziguye, kugaburirwa kabiri ibyuka byumuyaga bitagira umuyaga birimo ibikoresho byihuta byihuta. Imiterere yacyo yibanze igaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1. Ubu bwoko bwibikoresho byingufu zumuyaga bingana na 70% byumugabane wisoko. Kubwibyo, iyi ngingo irasuzuma cyane cyane gusuzuma amakosa no kugenzura ubuzima bwubu bwoko bwibikoresho byumuyaga.
Igishushanyo 1 Imiterere yibanze ya turbine yagaburiwe kabiri
Ibikoresho by'ingufu z'umuyaga byakoraga amasaha yose munsi yumutwaro uhindagurika nkumuyaga uhuha kuva kera. Ibidukikije bya serivisi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumutekano wibikorwa no gufata neza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Imizigo isimburana ikora kumashanyarazi yumuyaga kandi ikanduzwa binyuze mumashanyarazi, shitingi, ibikoresho, moteri hamwe nibindi bikoresho mumurongo wogukwirakwiza, bigatuma urunana rwohereza rukunda kunanirwa mugihe cya serivisi. Kugeza ubu, sisitemu yo kugenzura ifite ibikoresho byinshi bikoresha ingufu z'umuyaga ni sisitemu ya SCADA, ishobora kugenzura imikorere y'ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu z'umuyaga nk'ubu, voltage, imiyoboro ya gride n'ibindi bihe, kandi ifite imirimo nk'impuruza na raporo; ariko sisitemu ikurikirana imiterere Ibipimo ni bike, cyane cyane ibimenyetso nkibiriho, voltage, imbaraga, nibindi, kandi haracyari ikibazo cyo kubura vibrasiyo yo kugenzura no gusuzuma amakosa yibice byingenzi [3-5]. Ibihugu by’amahanga, cyane cyane ibihugu byateye imbere by’iburengerazuba, bimaze igihe kinini bitegura ibikoresho byo kugenzura imiterere na porogaramu zisesengura cyane cyane ibikoresho by’ingufu z’umuyaga. Nubwo tekinoroji yo kugenzura ihindagurika ryimbere mu gihugu yatangiye itinze, iterwa nigikorwa kinini cy’umuyaga w’imbere mu gihugu no kubungabunga isoko, iterambere rya sisitemu yo kugenzura imbere mu gihugu naryo ryinjiye mu iterambere ryihuse. Gusuzuma amakosa yubwenge no kuburira hakiri kare ibikoresho byingufu zumuyaga birashobora kugabanya igiciro no kongera imikorere yimikorere yumuyaga no kuyitunganya, kandi byumvikanyweho mubikorwa byingufu zumuyaga.
2. Ibintu nyamukuru biranga ibikoresho byumuyaga
Ibikoresho by'umuyaga ni sisitemu igoye ya elegitoroniki igizwe na rotor (blade, hubs, sisitemu yo mu kibuga, nibindi), ibyuma, shitingi nyamukuru, agasanduku gare, generator, iminara, sisitemu yaw, sensor, nibindi. guhinduranya imitwaro mugihe cya serivisi. Mugihe igihe cya serivisi cyiyongera, ubwoko butandukanye bwibyangiritse cyangwa kunanirwa byanze bikunze.
Igishushanyo cya 2 Igiciro cyo gusana buri kintu kigize ibikoresho byamashanyarazi
Igishushanyo cya 3 Ikigereranyo cyo kumanura ibice bitandukanye byibikoresho byamashanyarazi
Birashobora kugaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2 no ku gishushanyo cya 3 [6] ko igihe cyo gutaha cyatewe na blade, agasanduku gare, na generator cyarenze 87% byigihe cyose cyateganijwe, kandi amafaranga yo kubungabunga yabaga arenga 3 yikiguzi cyo kubungabunga. / 4. Kubwibyo rero, mugukurikirana imiterere, gusuzuma amakosa no gucunga ubuzima bwa turbine yumuyaga, ibyuma, agasanduku gare, na generator nibintu bitatu byingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho. Komite y’umwuga w’ingufu z’umuyaga mu ishyirahamwe ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu Bushinwa yerekanye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2012 ku bijyanye n’imikorere y’ibikoresho by’ingufu z’umuyaga mu gihugu [6] ko ubwoko bw’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga butananirwa cyane cyane nko guturika, inkuba, kumena, n'ibindi, ibitera kunanirwa harimo igishushanyo, Kwiyitaho no hanze mugihe cyo gutangiza no gutanga serivise yumusaruro, gukora, no gutwara abantu. Igikorwa nyamukuru cya garebox nugukoresha byimazeyo ingufu zumuvuduko muke wumuyaga kubyara ingufu no kongera umuvuduko wa spindle. Mugihe cyo gukora turbine yumuyaga, garebox irashobora kwibasirwa cyane no kunanirwa bitewe ningaruka zo guhinduranya imbaraga hamwe nuburemere bwingaruka [7]. Amakosa asanzwe ya garebox arimo amakosa ya gear hamwe no gutwara amakosa. Ikosa rya Gearbox ahanini rituruka kumurongo. Imyenda ni ikintu cyingenzi kigizwe na garebox, kandi kunanirwa kwayo akenshi kwangiza kwangiza. Kunanirwa kunanirwa cyane cyane gukuramo umunaniro, kwambara, kuvunika, gufunga, kwangiza akazu, nibindi. Ibikoresho byananiranye cyane harimo kwambara, umunaniro wo hejuru, kumeneka, no kumeneka. Amakosa ya sisitemu ya generator agabanijwemo amakosa ya moteri namakosa ya mashini [9]. Kunanirwa kwa mashini ahanini birimo kunanirwa na rotor no kunanirwa. Kunanirwa kwa rotor ahanini birimo kutaringaniza kwa rotor, guturika kwa rotor, hamwe na rubber yoroshye. Ubwoko bwamakosa ya moteri arashobora kugabanywa mumashanyarazi namakosa. Amakosa y'amashanyarazi arimo umuzunguruko mugufi wa rotor / stator coil, umuzunguruko ufunguye uterwa na rotor yamenetse, ubushyuhe bwa generator, nibindi.; amakosa ya mashini arimo vibrateri ya generator ikabije, kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, kwangirika kwizuba, kwambara cyane, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-30-2021
