Umuyaga Uhuza Umuyaga Amakuru: Gahunda ya "Umukandara n'Umuhanda" yakiriye ibisubizo byiza bivuye mubihugu byinzira. Nk’umusaruro munini ku isi kandi ukoresha ingufu z’amashanyarazi, Ubushinwa buragenda bwitabira ubufatanye mpuzamahanga bw’ingufu z’umuyaga.
Isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi y’umuyaga mu Bushinwa yitabiriye cyane amarushanwa n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, iteza imbere inganda zifite akamaro ku isi, kandi zimenya urwego rwose rwohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu ishoramari, kugurisha ibikoresho, ibikorwa no kubungabunga ibikorwa kugeza muri rusange, kandi bigera ku musaruro ushimishije. .
Tugomba kandi kubona ko hamwe n’iyongera ry’imishinga mpuzamahanga y’ingufu z’umuyaga n’amasosiyete y’Abashinwa, ingaruka zijyanye n’ivunjisha, amategeko n'amabwiriza, amafaranga yinjiza, na politiki nabyo bizajyana. Nigute ushobora kwiga neza, gusobanukirwa, no kwirinda izo ngaruka no kugabanya igihombo kidakenewe ningirakamaro cyane mubigo byimbere mu gihugu kugirango barusheho guhangana kurwego mpuzamahanga.
Uru rupapuro rukora isesengura ry’ingaruka n’imicungire y’ibyago wiga umushinga wo muri Afurika yepfo isosiyete A ishora imari mu gutwara ibikoresho byohereza mu mahanga, ikanatanga inama zo gucunga no kugenzura ibyifuzo by’inganda zikoresha umuyaga mu nzira yo kujya ku isi hose, kandi iharanira gutanga umusanzu mwiza kuri iterambere ryiza kandi rirambye ryinganda zingufu zumuyaga mubushinwa ibikorwa mpuzamahanga.
1. Icyitegererezo n'ingaruka z'umushinga mpuzamahanga w'ingufu z'umuyaga
(1) Kubaka imirima mpuzamahanga yumuyaga ikoresha uburyo bwa EPC
Imishinga mpuzamahanga y’ingufu zumuyaga ifite uburyo bwinshi, nkuburyo “igishushanyo-cyubaka” cyahawe isosiyete imwe kugirango ishyirwe mubikorwa; urundi rugero nuburyo bwa "EPC engineering", bukubiyemo amasezerano menshi yo kugisha inama, kugura ibikoresho, no kubaka icyarimwe; Ukurikije igitekerezo cyubuzima bwose bwumushinga, igishushanyo, ubwubatsi nigikorwa cyumushinga bihabwa rwiyemezamirimo kugirango abishyire mubikorwa.
Uhujije ibiranga imishinga yingufu zumuyaga, imishinga mpuzamahanga yingufu zumuyaga ifata cyane cyane icyitegererezo rusange cyamasezerano ya EPC, ni ukuvuga ko rwiyemezamirimo aha nyirubwite serivisi zuzuye zirimo igishushanyo mbonera, ubwubatsi, kugura ibikoresho, gushiraho no gutangiza, kurangiza, umuyoboro wubucuruzi -guhuza ingufu z'amashanyarazi, no guhererekanya kugeza igihe cya garanti kirangiye. Muri ubu buryo, nyirubwite akora gusa na macro-micungire yumushinga, kandi rwiyemezamirimo akora inshingano zikomeye ningaruka.
Kubaka umuyaga wumushinga wa sosiyete A yo muri Afrika yepfo yemeye icyitegererezo rusange cya EPC.
(2) Ingaruka z'abashoramari rusange ba EPC
Kuberako imishinga yagiranye amasezerano n’amahanga ikubiyemo ingaruka nkibibazo bya politiki n’ubukungu by’igihugu aho umushinga uherereye, politiki, amategeko n'amabwiriza ajyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, imari shingiro n’umurimo, hamwe n’ingamba zo kugenzura amadovize, kandi birashobora no guhura n’imiterere itamenyerewe kandi ikirere cyikirere, hamwe nikoranabuhanga ritandukanye. Ibisabwa n'amabwiriza, kimwe n'umubano n'inzego z'ibanze ndetse n'ibindi bibazo, bityo rero ingaruka ziterwa n’ingaruka zifite intera nini, zishobora kugabanywa cyane cyane mu ngaruka za politiki, ingaruka z’ubukungu, ingaruka za tekiniki, ingaruka z’ubucuruzi n’imibanire rusange, hamwe n’ingaruka zo kuyobora. .
1. Ingaruka za politiki
Imiterere ya politiki yigihugu n’akarere bidahungabana isoko ry’amasezerano rishobora gutera igihombo gikomeye kuri rwiyemezamirimo. Umushinga wo muri Afurika yepfo washimangiye iperereza n’ubushakashatsi mu gihe cyo gufata ibyemezo: Afurika yepfo ifitanye umubano mwiza n’ibihugu bituranye, kandi nta ngaruka zigaragara zihishe ku mutekano wo hanze; Ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’Ubushinwa na Afurika yepfo byateye imbere byihuse, kandi amasezerano arengera umutekano ni meza. Icyakora, ikibazo cy’ubwiteganyirize muri Afurika yepfo n’ingaruka zikomeye za politiki zugarije umushinga. Umushinga rusange wa EPC akoresha umubare munini w'abakozi mugikorwa cyo gushyira mu bikorwa umushinga, kandi umutekano bwite n'umutungo w'abakozi n'abakozi bashinzwe kuyobora urabangamiwe, bigomba gufatanwa uburemere.
Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zishobora guterwa na politiki, amakimbirane ya politiki, n’imihindagurikire y’ubutegetsi bizagira ingaruka ku gukomeza politiki no kubahiriza amasezerano. Amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko no ku madini yateje akaga umutekano w’abakozi ku rubuga.
2. Ingaruka zubukungu
Ibyago byubukungu bivuga cyane cyane mubukungu bwubushoramari, imbaraga zubukungu bwigihugu umushinga uherereyemo, nubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo byubukungu, cyane cyane muburyo bwo kwishyura. Harimo ibintu byinshi: ifaranga, ingaruka z’ivunjisha, gukumira, ivangura ry’imisoro, ubushobozi buke bwo kwishyura ba nyirubwite, no gutinda kwishyura.
Mu mushinga wo muri Afurika y'Epfo, igiciro cy'amashanyarazi kiboneka mu mafaranga nk'ifaranga ryo kwishura, kandi amafaranga yo kugura ibikoresho muri uyu mushinga akemurwa mu madorari y'Abanyamerika. Hariho ingaruka zimwe zo kuvunja. Igihombo cyatewe nihindagurika ryivunjisha rirashobora kurenga byoroshye kwinjiza umushinga. Umushinga wo muri Afurika yepfo watsindiye icyiciro cya gatatu cyo gupiganira imishinga mishya yingufu na leta ya Afrika yepfo binyuze mu gupiganira amasoko. Kubera guhatanira ibiciro bikaze, inzira yo gutegura gahunda yo gutanga amasoko kugirango ishyirwe mu bikorwa ni ndende, kandi hari ibyago byo gutakaza ibikoresho na serivisi bya turbine y'umuyaga.
3. Ingaruka za tekiniki
Harimo imiterere ya geologiya, hydrologiya nikirere, gutanga ibikoresho, gutanga ibikoresho, ibibazo byubwikorezi, ingaruka zoguhuza imiyoboro, ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, nibindi. Ubushobozi bwashyizweho n’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga muri Afurika yepfo bwinjiye mu mashanyarazi buragenda bwiyongera cyane, ingaruka z’umuyaga w’umuyaga kuri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ziriyongera, kandi amasosiyete akoresha amashanyarazi akomeje kunoza umurongo ngenderwaho w’itumanaho. Byongeye kandi, kugirango wongere ikoreshwa ryingufu zumuyaga, iminara miremire hamwe nicyuma kirekire nicyo cyerekezo cyinganda.
Ubushakashatsi no gushyira mu bikorwa umuyaga w’umuyaga muremure mu bihugu by’amahanga ni kare cyane, kandi iminara miremire iri hagati ya metero 120 na metero 160 yashyizwe mu bucuruzi mu byiciro. igihugu cyanjye kiri mu ntangiriro kandi gifite ibibazo bya tekiniki bijyanye nuruhererekane rwibibazo bya tekiniki nkingamba zo kugenzura ibice, ubwikorezi, kwishyiriraho, nubwubatsi bujyanye niminara miremire. Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'icyuma, hari ibibazo byangiritse cyangwa ibisebe mugihe cyo gutwara abantu mumushinga, kandi kubungabunga ibyuma mumishinga yo mumahanga bizazana ibyago byo gutakaza amashanyarazi no kongera ibiciro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-15-2021
